Insulin Delivery Methods

The most common way to administer insulin is with a syringe and needle by injection.  Insulin is injected into the subcutaneous tissue (the fatty layer under your skin).  You can inject into the thigh, arm or the abdomen.  These areas each have different rates of absorption.  Insulin injected into or near the abdomen is absorbed the fastest.  The arm is second and the thigh is the slowest area for absorption. 

Insulin pens look like an ink pen.  Some of them are disposable and others are refillable or the cartridge can be replaced.  These do have a very short, fine needle on the tip, so this is not the one to use if you are afraid of needles.  There is a dial to select the amount of insulin to be administered.  Then you just press the tip against your skin and press the plunger on the end. 

So, you are diabetic and afraid of Needles…No problem!   There is a way to get the needed insulin without a needle.  Insulin jet injectors use a high pressure delivery system that administers a fine spray of insulin through the skin.  They are more costly, but if you have a real fear of needles, this may be the way to go.

Another option that is available for those afraid of needles is the insulin pump.  This is often used for young people who haven’t yet accepted the fact that they need to receive insulin as scheduled.  A catheter is placed under the skin of the abdomen and the pump is connected using a flexible tubing.  The pump is small and is worn outside of the body. 

You or your doctor program the pump to administer the correct amount of insulin at the correct time.  You also have the ability to give yourself additional insulin if necessary.  You must monitor your blood sugars routinely for this device to be properly programmed and effective.  When they are adjusted properly they are effective for blood sugar control without the multiple needle sticks from injections.

In January 2006, the FDA approved a new delivery system for insulin.   This is inhaled insulin.  It provides a rapid acting insulin in the form of dry powder.  The medication is inhaled into the mouth and travels to the lungs where it is passed to the bloodstream.